1.1 字母（Alphabet）
英语总计使用 26 个字母（letters），各有大小写之分。在欧洲语言之中，英语是罕见的不使用修饰符（diacritics）的文字 —— 所谓修饰符，指的是字母上附加的标记，用以区分发音或者意义，比如，â、é、ç，等等。
Modern English is composed of 26 letters, each with both uppercase and lowercase forms. English stands out among European languages for not using diacritics, which are special marks added to letters to alter their pronunciation or meaning, such as â, é or ç, etc.
北约（NATO）有一套指称英文字母的系统，用以在仅有语音交流的情况下避免歧义 —— 在军事、航空、紧急救助、无线电或者电话沟通等诸多场合中具备不可或缺的作用。
NATO has a system that uses common words to identify each letter, which is particularly helpful for military and civil aviation, emergency serivces, radio or phone communication, and many others to avoid confusion when spelling out words.
| Letter | Pronunciation | NATO Phonetic Alphabet |
|---|---|---|
| A a | eɪ | Alpha ˈælfə |
| B b | biː | Bravo ˈbrɑːvoʊ |
| C c | siː | Charlie ˈtʃɑːrliː |
| D d | diː | Delta ˈdeltə |
| E e | iː | Echo ˈekoʊ |
| F f | ef | Foxtrot ˈfɔːkstrɒt |
| G g | dʒiː | Golf ɡɑːf |
| H h | eɪtʃ | Hotel hoʊˈtel |
| I i | aɪ | India ˈɪndiə |
| J j | dʒeɪ | Juliet ˈdʒuːliːˌet |
| K k | keɪ | Kilo ˈkiːloʊ |
| L l | el | Lima ˈliːmə |
| M m | em | Mike maɪk |
| N n | en | November noʊˈvembər |
| O o | oʊ | Oscar ˈɑːskɑːr |
| P p | piː | Papa pəˈpɑː |
| Q q | kjuː | Quebec kəˈbek |
| R r | ɑːr | Romeo ˈroʊmiːˌoʊ |
| S s | es | Sierra siˈerə |
| T t | tiː | Tango ˈtæŋɡoʊ |
| U u | juː | Uniform ˈjuːnɪfɔːrm |
| V v | viː | Victor ˈvɪktər |
| W w | ˈdʌbᵊljuː | Whiskey ˈwɪskiː |
| X x | eks | X-ray ˈeksreɪ |
| Y y | waɪ | Yankee ˈjæŋkiː |
| Z z | ziː | Zulu ˈzuːluː |
在英式英语中，z 被读作 zed。
In British, letter z is pronounced as zed.
NOTE
- 合成语音文件使用的是 OpenAI 的 TTS (Text-to-Speech) 和微软的 Edge's TTS。蓝色喇叭图标是男性语音，红色喇叭图标是女性语音。
- The synthesized audio files primarily utilizes OpenAI's TTS (Text-to-Speech) and Microsoft Edge's TTS. The blue background speaker iconrepresents a male voice, whereas the red background speaker iconsignifies a female voice.